Author Archives: kist

Visible voltage sensor of intracellular membranes

In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest continuous membrane-enclosed network which surrounds a single lumen. Using a new genetically encoded voltage indicator (GEVI), we applied the patch clamp technique to cultured HEK293 cells…

Astrocytic tonic GABA controls the modulation balance in cerebellum

Tonic inhibition in the brain is mediated through an activation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors by the tonically released GABA, resulting in a persistent GABAergic inhibitory action. It is one of the key regulators for neuronal excitability, exerting a powerful action on excitation/inhibition balance. We have previously reported that astrocytic…